The world’s longest freshwater beach has long been dubbed Ontario’s summer playground, with 70 per cent of the population living within two hours of its shore. But on a Sunday in late August, the largest group along this 14-kilometre stretch of sand isn’t sunbathers and swimmers, it’s protesters.
They drove in from Toronto and nearby towns to challenge a new provincial land-use decision that they say threatens to irreversibly harm the summer home of one of Wasaga’s regular visitors: piping plovers, the tiny, lively, endangered bird that has visited this beach every summer since 2007. If you’re lucky, you’ll get to see them bouncing like popcorn across the dunes, like I did in 2022.
Over the past two decades, up to five nests (sometimes way more) have been found annually in the northeastern parts of the beach, amid the sand dunes and shrubbery that have been deemed and treated as protected habitat — meaning they can’t be raked. That protection has been possible because this 142-hectare beach is part of a provincial park managed by Ontario’s Ministry of Environment, specifically Ontario Parks, along with almost 1,214 hectares of dunes and natural land connected to it.
Opponents of a plan to transfer parts of Wasaga Beach from provincial to municipal ownership gather to make their case. The proposal lacks transparency and poses environmental risks, many local residents told The Narwhal.
Per its management plan, “the Wasaga Beach Provincial Park is unique in Ontario, possibly in Canada.” It is a provincial park located entirely within an urban area and for that reason, often perceived as “an unwanted monster being forced upon the town,” limiting economic growth and tourism in favour of ecological preservation and access.
The provincial park’s management plan codifies this tension almost constructively, promising to help manifest “a complete, serviced resort community with extensive park facilities by stages to the year 1990.” So the plan says: “As a park within a community, it should also provide some community-oriented recreational opportunities for the residents of the resort town.”
Thirty-five years later, Wasaga Beach is Ontario’s most popular provincial park, hosting more than a million visitors annually. But it isn’t the promised resort and recreation community.
Wasaga Beach’s 14 kilometres of sandy shoreline offer key habitat to endangered piping plovers, as well as tourism and economic development opportunities to the Town of Wasaga Beach. The town has for years sought more control over the beach that defines it. Now, there is a provincial government in power that is listening.
This summer, a maze of construction fences and bulldozers block access to the warm, shallow shore at two of eight consecutive beaches that make up the strip. The yellow and orange barriers hide colourful “Wasaga” signs and a shuttered arcade and restaurant, and a handful of food trucks sit idle in large empty parking lots waiting for the final customers of the season. But beyond all this lie the choppy waters of Georgian Bay, under a fluffy blue sky.
There’s no shortage of sand and water to enjoy. But some say that isn’t enough.
For years, the town has expressed frustration with the Environment Ministry’s management of the park, citing a lack of facilities, infrastructure and cleaning. Repeatedly, the town has asked the provincial government for control over the beach that defines it, most recently in November 2024. And now, there is a provincial government in power that is listening.
Wasaga Beach draws more than one million visitors every year, making it the most popular provincial park in Ontario.
In May, at the start of the summer, Premier Doug Ford was at Wasaga Beach to give the town $38 million to boost tourism, rebuild the beachfront and revitalize Nancy Island — a historical site in the park where the last and most important naval battle in the War of 1812 was fought.
“This is spectacular now, and it’s going to be even more spectacular,” Ford said in front of the entire town council and reporters at an empty beach. Then Ford announced the province would transfer parts of the provincially owned and protected beach and waterfront to the town as part of this effort to boost tourism and economic growth, promising the beach “will remain public.”
The news took many by surprise. Over the summer, residents and business owners in the town of Wasaga Beach have become concerned about the lack of transparency and details surrounding the plan. Many tell The Narwhal it all seems sudden, poorly thought out and harmful to the environment that defines their town. They also fear it could set a precedent for parts of other provincial parks to be opened for development.
This move also puts us back in control of our own destiny, where we’re not beholden to day-trippers and parking lots.
Andrew McNeill, the Town of Wasaga Beach’s chief administrative officer
I think the current council has a plan, but they haven’t shared it. Maybe they’ve shared it with Doug Ford. Maybe it makes sense to him, but nobody’s ever put dollars and cents to it.
Sylvia Bray, former deputy mayor of the Town of Wasaga Beach
Adding to the concern is the timing. The Ford government passed Bill 5 shortly before the announcement, legislation that centralizes decision-making with the province, reduces environmental oversight and weakens endangered species protections. The provincial parks legislation is the last law standing to protect plover habitat. Without that in effect in Wasaga Beach, some worry these tiny, endangered birds will be without a summer home to raise their young.
To facilitate the removal of 60 hectares from Wasaga Beach Provincial Park, the Ford government will have to amend parks legislation that would otherwise prohibit such a removal. The amendments haven’t been released yet, but one conservationist says he’s concerned they could enable the removal of land from other provincial parks.
The plan and the precedent
In November 1956, the then-Village of Wasaga Beach (dubbed “your children’s safest playground” at the time) wrote to the province of “a serious problem”: the council couldn’t stop drivers from speeding on the beach beyond the high-water mark because it didn’t control the beach; private landowners did.
“There was a bit of a Wild West nature to Wasaga back then,” Ted Crysler tells The Narwhal. His family has lived here since the 1930s and he ran to represent the local riding for the provincial Liberals in the election this year. As a boy, Crysler remembers seeing cars and biker gangs drive right to the water’s edge and all along the sandy strip. Thrilling as it was to see, it wasn’t safe, and that’s what the town wanted to rectify.
Former Ontario Parks employee Ted Crysler says the provincial agency does its best to maintain Wasaga Beach’s facilities and steward its sensitive ecosystem — but it’s held back by insufficient funding, he believes. At the same time, the longtime resident of the town isn’t sure the municipality will have the resources to do the job, either. “I don’t know. I don’t have the answer,” he says.
“The entire area is growing rapidly since it is probably one of the finest beaches in the province,” the town wrote in the 1956 letter. It continued that developing and controlling the area was becoming more challenging, “particularly in view of the fact that the lands are not comprised within the boundaries of the incorporated Village of Wasaga Beach.” The then-council posed a solution: consider the beach as an “area from which an Ontario Provincial Park should be formed.”
The province agreed and, over the 1960s and 1970s, expropriated land from local residents and businesses to form the 1,844-hectare provincial park that exists today. The park enclosed the local population of 25,000 at the shoreline and now covers a quarter of the town’s total area.
Andrew McNeill’s family, one of the original settler families in the town, lost a thriving cottage business in 1974 when the park was created. In its place, the province built parking lots so “people from Toronto can come up and enjoy the beach,” McNeill tells The Narwhal.
“It was a very aggressive and contentious expropriation program,” he says. “We’ve been referring to this as the Joni Mitchell approach, where back then, the province literally came in, tore down paradise and put up a parking lot.”
“It was a colossal mistake,” McNeill adds. “In the process of doing that they really undermined the entire economy of Wasaga Beach. Residents and business owners, to this day, are very upset and angry with what happened.”
The Town of Wasaga Beach has plans to “reimagine” about half of the 60 hectares it will receive from the province, most of which is currently paved parking lots, according to CAO Andrew McNeill.
Fast forward more than 50 years and McNeill is now the town’s chief administrative officer, and a part of the push to rectify ownership of the beach. In August 2024, the town passed a unanimous motion to ask the province for a little more than two of eight beaches and surrounding lands to be transferred from Ontario Parks to the town, so they could use it to boost their local economy.
In the proposal published following Doug Ford’s response this May, the province is offering the town double the amount of beach it requested: four out of eight beaches, spanning from the most eastern tip, just past the mouth of the Nottawasaga River, to 16th Street.
The Ford government is doing this by amending the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, the legislation which created more than 340 parks across Ontario. It mandates the need for legislative approval to transfer more than 50 hectares, or one per cent, of permanently protected parkland, subject to environmental assessments and with ecological well-being in mind.
The amount of provincial land the town is getting back is negligible, McNeill says: 60 hectares, or three per cent of the entire park. And of that three per cent, the town has plans to “reimagine” only half, most of which is currently paved parking lots that could be transformed under the town’s waterfront master plan, which hasn’t been released yet.
Ontario plans to transfer ownership of more than half of Wasaga’s beachfront, outlined on the map in orange. This includes ecologically sensitive sand dunes, outlined in yellow. The Town of Wasaga Beach says the transfer is just three per cent of the provincial parkland; this calculation accounts only for the strip of the beach and omits the park areas that extend out over the water. Map: Supplied by Adam Ballah / Simcoe County Greenbelt Coalition
“A lot of the town’s economic objectives could be accomplished without making amendments to the [provincial parks] law,” Adam Ballah, with the Simcoe County Greenbelt Coalition, tells The Narwhal. With the town only planning to develop about 30 hectares of the land it’s given, that portion is under the 50-hectare threshold codified in the law. “The province could do that tomorrow without complications.”
Instead, it is making changes that could affect other provincial parks. While the amendments to the law haven’t been released in detail, there is concern any changes could make it easier to reduce park sizes in favour of unmitigated development — a stepping stone to something more.
“The Ford government is being tricky in how they’re dealing with this,” Ballah says. “They’re being underhanded or not forthright. Begs the question of why they’re doing this.” No one from the Environment Ministry or Premier’s office responded to questions from The Narwhal by the time of publication.
The Ford government weakened Ontario’s endangered species legislation through Bill 5 earlier this year, which means Wasaga Beach’s status as a provincial park is now the primary legal protection afforded to the piping plovers that nest there. Advocates for the tiny bird worry that if the beach’s park status is removed, there will be no legal obligation to protect the bird’s sensitive habitat.
McNeill believes the law change is a means to provide a unique solution for a unique park in the town’s backyard. “We believe this makes sense for us, and in my opinion, it’s not precedent-setting,” he says.
He has a litany of explanations for why the land transfer is beneficial to the town, almost all of which are financial. Ontario Parks promised to create a four-season resort destination, but it hasn’t materialized. Other beaches across the province, and even the country, are managed by local governments because “we’re closer to tourists, to issues like garbage collection, traffic, maintenance,” all traditional municipal services. Visitors come to the provincial beach but don’t really spend a lot of money in the community, leaving the town at an economic disadvantage. Plus, the provincial park took away 25 per cent of its property tax base.
“We are the world’s longest freshwater beach. We need proper investment here to ensure that the product we’re sharing with all our visitors, including you this weekend, is of a quality worthy of being the world’s longest freshwater beach,” he says. “This is not about anti-environment and anti-plovers and anything anti-green. We are very green-minded.”
Besides, “the actual beach frontage is a very small sliver,” McNeill says. “We’re not going to touch it.”
Piping plovers returned to Wasaga Beach in 2007 after a decades-long absence. Now, the beach is “the most important and most productive nesting site for piping plovers in our province,” according to Sydney Shepherd from Birds Canada.
The plovers and the park
Whether you look at a map or physically stare down the stretch of sand, the amount of beach going to the town may be a sliver in shape, but a significant one at that. It is 60 per cent of the world’s longest freshwater beach, and it contains all of the piping plover habitat in Wasaga Beach.
From April to August, piping plovers migrate across the Great Lakes region in search of beaches to nest on. These tiny, fluffy birds, recognizable only by their orange beaks and legs, seek out wide, undisturbed sand and gravel beaches with dunes and vegetation.
As Ontario’s human population rocketed, development increased and beaches became smaller and neater. Plovers all but disappeared from the province in the 1980s. After a 30-year absence, thanks to conservation efforts in the United States, they miraculously returned in 2007, first to Sauble Beach (now Saugeen Beach) on Lake Huron, and then to Wasaga Beach a year later. Since then, according to Birds Canada, the town’s sandy shores have been home to 59 nests and 87 fledglings, the most out of any other beach frequented by plovers.
The plover population that has been born on this beach makes up nearly 50 per cent of fledglings in Ontario. Many of them have gone on to establish their own nests elsewhere in the Great Lakes region.
“Wasaga Beach is the most important and most productive nesting site for piping plovers in our province,” Sydney Shepherd, the Ontario piping plover coordinator for Birds Canada, tells The Narwhal. “A change in the way their nesting habitat is managed could impact the Ontario piping plover, but really has a potential to impact the population as a whole.”
Inadvertently, plovers have become a part of Wasaga’s identity as much as the beach itself. The tiny birds and beachgoers have coexisted in the provincial park for 18 years, thanks to a significant conservation effort that began soon after their arrival and was formalized in legislation.
Piping plovers reside in vegetated sand dunes such as these ones on Wasaga Beach. With Ontario’s weakened endangered species law, there is a concern that the dunes may not be protected from raking if they lose their status as provincial parkland.
Plovers are endangered under federal law, which instructs that both the bird and its habitat be protected by Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, and in Wasaga’s case, under the provincial parks legislation. The passage of Bill 5 has effectively nullified the former. The Species Conservation Act that is meant to replace the previous law narrows a bird’s habitat to its nest, and removes protections for areas beyond it where that bird might, for example, find food. That means sand dunes that attract plovers to Wasaga Beach may not be protected against raking.
Currently, plover habitat is successfully maintained by Ontario Parks officials in collaboration with Birds Canada and local volunteers, who fence off each nest and closely monitor it to ward off humans and predators.
Two provincial park wardens make the rounds along Wasaga Beach. In recent years, the Town of Wasaga Beach has criticized Ontario Parks over its management of the beach, alleging a lack of facilities, infrastructure and cleaning.
This year was the first in two decades where, despite two pairs of plovers creating nests on Wasaga Beach, no fledglings were born. The town noticed and used it to make the case for local management of the beach.
In a series of posts on X (formerly Twitter), the Town of Wasaga Beach noted how the land transfer was a move away from “a siloed approach” that “hasn’t worked — not for the province, not for the town, and certainly not for the plovers.”
“Fact: Only 2 #plovers attempted to lay eggs on our 14km shoreline this year, and none — 0 — survived natural predators, which include other protected birds (seagulls and falcons),” the town wrote on the social media platform.
Many have interpreted this messaging as subtle criticism of Ontario Parks. Since the creation of Wasaga Beach Provincial Park, the government agency and the local government have worked together on building sports grounds, creating educational programs and protecting the beach. Most significantly, Ontario Parks has balanced protecting one of the most endangered birds in North America with the local needs of the busiest beach in the province.
Currently, Ontario Parks collaborates with Birds Canada to fence off and monitor piping plover nests. Soon, that responsibility could shift to the Town of Wasaga Beach; the parkland proposed for transfer contains all of the shoreline’s plover habitat.
But over the last two years, this relationship has frayed over issues like unsanitary or closed facilities, the state of the beach and the enforcement over certain rules like no dogs on the beach (a rule across provincially protected beaches in the province) and leaving the sand dunes (where the plovers live) unraked.
The criticism may have been fair, but at its core was an underfunded government agency, Crysler says. He worked at Ontario Parks in the 1980s, stewarding the same spaces that are being transferred to the town today.
“Parks are ecologically focused; they’re not commercially focused,” Crysler says. “You have to be careful because you can’t make a park people-only.”
Ontario Parks’ priority is the proper maintenance of the beach and the dunes, “which are fragile ecosystems … and constantly changing. They’ve done their best,” he says. “But if the park doesn’t get the money from the province, how are they supposed to do it? They can’t do it.”
Ontario Parks is mainly self-funded, with user fees, including for parking and camping, covering the majority of its budget. There are no financial documents from the government agency publicly available after the 2018-19 fiscal year, when Ford took office. Crysler says the budget has never been enough for the agency to meet the increasing pressure from a growing population on natural habitats, which humans have been accessing drastically more since the COVID-19 pandemic.
In Wasaga Beach, that revenue pool has taken a significant hit.
In October 2024, the Town of Wasaga Beach went to court to assert its ownership of this strip of Wasaga Beach, located where the Nottawasaga River meets Georgian Bay. Ontario Parks is now working to transfer management of the area to the town.
Last October, the town went to court to ascertain its ownership over Allenwood, the most eastern part of the beach strip in the provincial park, just past the point where the Nottawasaga River meets Georgian Bay. The town’s argument was simple: in 2012 they purchased the beach property for $240,000. That makes them the rightful owners and managers of the beach, not the Ministry of Environment. In February, an Ontario judge agreed.
For the past several months, Ontario Parks has been working to transfer the management of Allenwood to the town — and the rest of the 60-hectare land transfer will follow. That means handing over a lot of work, including garbage collection services and beach raking, and the ministry foregoing parking fees at the lots included in this section of the beach.
It also means where the beach is transferred from Ontario Parks to the town, there will be virtually no protection in place for the plovers, the dunes in which they nest and the vegetation on which they rely. The federal government could step in with its own protection but that might take time or might not happen at all.
Worst-case scenario: the plover becomes extirpated, meaning it is driven to extinction in Ontario. Because once a plover stops nesting on a beach, it rarely comes back.
“We would need the town to step in and put in place their own protections, their own legal bylaws,” Shepherd says. “Without them, protecting them would be entirely voluntary.” It would depend on this council and subsequent councils’ willingness to be environmental stewards for the tiny bird.
Birds Canada initiated a meeting with the town in July with a solution, Shepherd says: the town should create a strong science-based master plan that all subsequent councils would be beholden to that balances recreation, tourism and the natural environment.
“All of these things can happen, and they have at Wasaga Beach for many years,” she says.
“Plover lovers” gather on Wasaga Beach to voice their opposition to the provincial government’s land transfer plan in August 2025. “Provincial parks are sacred,” says Rosalyn Campbell, right.
Ballah has another pitch that was actually first suggested by the town’s economic advisory committee: create an arms-length commission that holds every future council accountable to environmental protection of the beach.
McNeill insists the beach and the dunes where the plover dwells are not the focus of the town’s objectives.
“To be very clear, our goal is to be an environmental leader here. So we are not going to compromise anything,” McNeill says. “We are going to protect the beaches, the dunes. We’re going to work to ensure that endangered species like piping plovers thrive.”
But residents who dub themselves “plover lovers” have reason to be concerned. There are few dunes left in Allenwood under the town’s management; almost all of the beach has been raked. The biggest problem is that the town has presented no plan to ease fears that this year might have been the plovers’ last stop at Wasaga Beach.
To rake or not to rake? While a manicured shoreline is attractive to beachgoers, piping plovers require undisturbed sand for their nesting habitat.
The path forward
Long before Wasaga Beach Provincial Park was created, there were buildings separating the sand from the town — restaurants, shops, hotels. There are still some there: a smokehouse, a souvenir shop, a motel. A massive fire in 2007 burned down many that still haven’t been rebuilt, including the abandoned arcade that stands in the middle of the construction. But on this late August weekend, these few establishments are quiet; only the waves of Lake Huron roar in their backyard.
It’s hard to ignore that most of the ground adjacent to the beach is paved for parking lots, priced from $10 to $50 for the day.
McNeill recalls a past before the car-centric beach with rose-coloured nostalgia. “We’ve been a tourism community for over 100 years,” he says. At its peak, between the 1940s and 1960s, the town hosted more than five million visitors. It’s less than half that today, he says matter-of-factly.
Something, he strongly suggests, has to be fixed.
According to town CAO Andrew McNeill, Wasaga Beach’s “crumbling” and “broken” infrastructure is impeding economic growth. By gaining control over some of the area’s parkland, the town can better meet its potential, he says.
Longtime residents and business owners don’t disagree. A vibrant waterfront would provide benefits to them all, both social and financial. But many do have a significant caveat to the big sell McNeill keeps making, best stated by Rosalyn Campbell, one of the protesters on the beach this past Sunday: “Provincial parks are sacred and should not be transferred or sold unless absolutely necessary,” she says. “And this doesn’t seem necessary.”
“I understand the need for tourism and economy,” says Taylor Nicole, a 28-year-old resident of nearby Collingwood and founder of Eco Guardians of Ontario, a new group created in response to Bill 5. “I grew up going to all the local haunts in the waterfront that are now gone.”
But the town had years to rebuild, especially after the 2007 fire, she says. The only two things currently under construction are an elevated road along the most popular beach areas and a housing complex with retail space on the ground floor. The latter has raised concerns the beachfront will become a gated community, forever altering the open and accessible nature of the world’s longest freshwater beach.
“It just feels like [the town is] trying to gaslight us to say, ‘No no, we’ll take care of it … we’re going to take care of everything,’ ” Nicole says. “They keep saying beach access will remain public, but in what way? Will it be an ecological experience or a money grab?”
Many longtime residents and business owners in Wasaga Beach agree: a vibrant waterfront would provide social and financial benefits to the community. But Taylor Nicole, who lives in nearby Collingwood, wants more details about what the town is planning. “Will it be an ecological experience or a money grab?” she asks.
The town has yet to specify what it wants to build, and that makes people nervous. “I think the current council has a plan, but they haven’t shared it. Maybe they’ve shared it with Doug Ford. Maybe it makes sense to him, but nobody’s ever put dollars and cents to it,” Sylvia Bray, former deputy mayor of the town, says. “For me, my town’s responsibility is the sewers, the roads, the access to my businesses … The council is elected to manage the town’s finances. This whole thing, to me, is outside their scope.”
Bray and her husband, Mark Winegarden, have lived in Wasaga Beach for 20 years, operating Grandma’s Beach Treats, an ice cream parlour. A lot has changed, Winegarden says: the town was “already struggling because there were now other things to do in Ontario rather than come to Wasaga Beach.” Canada’s Wonderland didn’t exist in the heyday McNeill, and the town in its communications, refer to, he says. Development is good, but not at the cost of “the identity of what Wasaga Beach is.”
“If you take away five feet of it and then 20 feet of it and then 100 feet of it, a lot of that goes away, and with it go a lot of the main reasons that people call this home,” Winegarden says. “If we do that to Wasaga Beach, it opens it up for that to happen everywhere.”
Sylvia Bray, former deputy mayor of the Town of Wasaga Beach, and her husband, Mark Winegarden, pose for a photo. The couple operate an ice cream parlour in the beach community, and they are expressing reservations about the proposed land transfer plan.
McNeill rebukes all of these concerns as a major misunderstanding of the town’s intentions. “For some reason, some people are under the misimpression that the beach itself is going to be developed. That’s not the case,” he says. “We have no preconceived notion about what’s going there. We’re going to create a plan.”
Even if there is no plan, some tenants are apparently known. McNeill says he can “pretty much guarantee” the plan will include parks, public parking and some kind of development. Nothing will be known for certain until the town has selected a team of designers, landscape architects, economists, ecologists, shoreline engineers, bird experts and the local conservation authority.
“We’re at the early stages of actually starting that planning process, but it’s going to be done right,” he says. “We’re not doing anything new here. All we’re trying to do is fix a situation that’s broken.”
In explaining this to me, McNeill often repeats certain words and phrases. The infrastructure is “broken” and “crumbling.” The town’s approach is “green” and adopts an “eco-sustainable model.” The town has to meet its “tourism potential.” The town can do this in a “balanced” way. But it needs to “rebuild its tax base” and “reset a 50-year broken relationship.”
Come October, when the provincial legislature is sitting again, there may be more clarity about what exactly is being planned for Wasaga Beach. For now, many residents have little trust or faith that the world’s longest freshwater beach will remain Ontario’s beloved summer playground for tourists and plovers alike.
“This move also puts us back in control of our own destiny, where we’re not beholden to day-trippers and parking lots,” he says. “We can actually build a complete community that is sustainable, and then tourism can be managed as an auxiliary to that. But it is our primary economy that’s our business, and we need to do it well. And these goals are not mutually exclusive, right?”
They’re not. But there is no guarantee that a small beach town can strike this balance, and there’s no legislation in place to require it.
Come October, when the provincial legislature is sitting again, there may be more clarity about what exactly is happening. But amid the public uncertainty about the plan for Wasaga Beach, and distrust of plans for Ontario towns and cities before this — the forced urban boundary expansions of Bill 23, the opening and then reversal on the Greenbelt, the farmland expropriations for industrial use and more — there is little trust or faith that the world’s longest freshwater beach will remain Ontario’s beloved summer playground for tourists and plover fledglings alike.
“The beach and the dunes are ecosystems,” longtime Wasaga Beach resident Ted Crysler says. “A municipality is a much weaker level of government that has far fewer levers to protect this kind of environment.”
“At the end of the day, the beach is an environment. The beach and the dunes are ecosystems,” Crysler says. “A municipality is a much weaker level of government that has far fewer levers to protect this kind of environment.”
“Is the town going to have the resources to do it all? I don’t know. I don’t have the answer,” he says. “That’s what I keep coming back to: I just don’t know. And when you don’t know, you just feel unsettled.”
