A new report has painted a grim picture of life in Australia, revealing a nation where people are feeling lonelier than ever, pay more tax and are delaying their dreams.
The Melbourne Institute’s annual Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, which has tracked the lives of thousands of Australians since 2001, released its 2025 report today.
It highlights how everything from rising living costs to the erosion of social networks is taking a toll on the nation’s well-being.
Australians are lonelier than ever, paying more tax and wanting fewer children, a new survey has found. (iStock)
The survey found that our social connections are weakening, a trend exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Australians are reporting fewer friends and less frequent socialising than at the turn of the century.
“Not only do we feel like we have fewer friends, but we’re also socialising less frequently than in 2001,” senior research fellow and report co-author Dr Inga Lass said.
The proportion of people meeting friends or relatives several times a week or more has dropped by over 12 percentage points, from about 32 per cent to just 20 per cent.
This decline in social connection has potential implications for our overall well-being.
The survey also found that a majority of Australians now report experiencing bodily pain, a trend that has worsened since 2001, even when accounting for the nation’s ageing population.
People in lower-income households were also more likely to report experiencing pain, co-author Dr Ferdi Botha said.
“The less money you make, the more pain you’re likely putting up with,” Botha said.
The hidden tax of inflation
The survey revealed that Australians are paying the highest average income tax rate since the study began in 2001.
This is not due to a change in policy but rather to “bracket creep”.
As wages have risen to keep pace with inflation, many workers have been pushed into higher tax brackets, effectively reducing their real purchasing power.
Professor Roger Wilkins explained that while wage growth is normally a good thing, a combination of bracket creep and rapidly rising prices has contributed to a decline in workers’ living standards in recent years.
Sydney’s Hyde Park at dusk. Life in Australia is becoming more expensive and we are paying more tax. (iStock)
This phenomenon affects middle-income earners more significantly than high-income earners.
Wilkins also highlighted a reversal in household spending patterns.
Prior to 2021, Australians were spending less on necessities.
However, the recent cost-of-living crisis undid that progress, with the total proportion of income spent on necessities jumping by 4.5 per cent between 2021 and 2023.
Economic pressures reshape family and work
The report also sheds light on how economic pressures are influencing our biggest life decisions.
For the first time, the average number of children men want has fallen below two.
While having two children remained the most common wish, there’s a notable increase in the number of people, both men and women, who now want only one child, or none at all.
Lass attributed this to potential parents growing “more concerned about their financial security and the costs of raising a child.”
Finally, the notion of retiring in your early 60s is fast becoming a thing of the past.
The proportion of women aged 60-64 who are retired has plunged from 70 percent in 2003 to just 41 percent in 2023.
For men in the same age bracket, the retirement rate has fallen from 49 per cent to a low of 27 per cent.
While some are choosing to work longer, the survey points to a more unsettling trend for many.
The number of retirees living in private rentals has doubled in two decades, facing significant financial strain as average annual rent payments have surged by 37 per cent in real terms.
Report co-author Dr Kyle Peyton warned that “superannuation alone will not be enough to support the growing number of younger Australians locked out of homeownership.”
