WASHINGTON (AFP) — Come Thursday, barring a last-minute change, the final treaty in the world that restricted nuclear weapon deployment will be over, as New START, the last nuclear treaty between Washington and Moscow after decades of agreements dating to the Cold War, is set to expire Thursday, and with it restrictions on the two top nuclear powers.
The expiration comes as US President Donald Trump, vowing “America First,” smashes through international agreements that limit the United States, although in the case of New START, the issue may more be inertia than ideology.
Russian President Vladimir Putin in September suggested a one-year extension of New START.
Trump, asked afterward by a reporter for a reaction while he was boarding his helicopter, said an extension “sounds like a good idea to me” — but little has been heard since.
Putin ally Dmitry Medvedev, who as Russia’s president signed New START with counterpart Barack Obama in 2010, said in a recent interview with the Kommersant newspaper that Russia has received no “substantive reaction” on New START but was still giving time to Trump.
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A White House official said on condition of anonymity that Trump would like to see “limits on nuclear weapons and involve China in arms control talks.”
US President Donald Trump speaks before signing executive orders in the Oval Office in the White House in Washington, DC, on January 30, 2026. (ANNABELLE GORDON / AFP)
The way to do that, the official said, Trump “will clarify on his own timeline.”
Daryl Kimball, executive director of the Arms Control Association, which supports reducing nuclear risks, said Trump’s second administration, which has sidelined career diplomats and entrusted decision-making only to a handful of people, is not functioning in a normal way that would allow complex negotiations.
Trump “seems to have the right instinct on this issue but has thus far failed to follow through with a coherent strategy,” Kimball said.
Jon Wolfsthal, director of global risk at the Federation of American Scientists, said Trump and Putin could pick up the phone and agree immediately at a political level to extend New START.
“This is a piece of low-hanging fruit that the Trump administration should have seized months ago,” he said.
Wolfsthal is among experts involved in the “Doomsday Clock” meant to symbolize how near humanity is to destruction. It was recently moved closer to midnight in part due to New START’s demise.
This grab from a handout footage released by the Russian Defense Ministry press service on December 30, 2025, shows what is said is deployment of a Russian Oreshnik hypersonic, nuclear-capable missile system for combat duty at an undisclosed location in Belarus. (Handout / Russian Defense Ministry / AFP)
‘Empty formality’?
Trump called in October for the United States to resume nuclear testing for the first time in more than 30 years, although it is not clear he will carry it out.
Russia in 2023 already suspended a key element of New START, allowing inspections, as relations deteriorated sharply with US President Joe Biden’s administration over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Alexander Khramchikhin, a Russian military analyst, said the two powers already had indicated they will do as they like.
“It’s clear that the treaty has reached its end,” he said. “It’s just an empty formality that will disappear.”
Vassily Kashin, director of the Center for Comprehensive European and International Studies in Moscow, said Russia would watch if the United States ramps up its nuclear arsenal and, if so, would decide measures in response.
“But if the Americans don’t take any drastic measures, such as installing warheads, Russia will most likely simply wait, observe and remain silent,” he said.
US President Donald Trump (R) and Russian President Vladimir Putin (L) hold a meeting at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson on August 15, 2025 in Anchorage, Alaska. (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images/AFP) (
China factor
New START restricted Russia and the United States to a maximum of 1,550 deployed strategic nuclear warheads each — a reduction of nearly 30 percent from the previous limit set in 2002.
It also limits launchers and heavy bombers to 800 each, although the number is still easily enough to destroy Earth.
During his first term, also faced with New START’s expiration, Trump insisted a new treaty bring in China — whose arsenal is fast growing, although well below the other two powers. A US negotiator even provocatively put an empty chair with a Chinese flag.
Biden on taking office in 2021 quickly agreed to extend New START by five years to 2026.
Despite his stance on New START, Trump has enthusiastically restarted diplomacy with Russia that Biden cut off over the war, inviting Putin to an August summit in Alaska and unsuccessfully trying to broker a deal in Ukraine.
US allies France and Britain also have established nuclear arsenals on a smaller scale, while India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea have known nuclear weapons but are not part of international agreements.
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